Hamlets Oedipus Complex Essays - 1190 Words

Various works of literature contain characters who embody the elements of the classic Oedipus Complex, that of a son with an undue and unhealthy attachment to his mother. D.H Lawrenceamp;#8217;s Sons and Lovers, along with other early modernist works, shows how a sonamp;#8217;s bond to his mother can lead to that characteramp;#8217;s major downfall. Even earlier than works of the late 19th Century does the Oedipus Complex appear, in this case, William Shakespeareamp;#8217;s Hamlet. Shakespeareamp;#8217;s play about the Prince of Denmark shows the beginning of an Oedipal Complex, with Hamletamp;#8217;s jealousy of his uncle Claudius for marrying his mother Gertrude and the rage that Hamletamp;#8217;s emulation causes.†¦show more content†¦He furthers his reasoning behind the marriage causing the depression, claiming that the union can do no good amp;#8220;But break [his] heart; (1.2.159). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hamletamp;#8217;s explains his rage in the first act of the play, but it is not until scene 4 of the third act that we see the full view of his Oedipus Complex. Here, Gertrude is joined by Hamlet in a bedroom moments after Polonius, the Queenamp;#8217;s counselor, advises her to warn Hamlet that amp;#8220;his pranks have been too broad to bear with; (3.4.2). Hamlet, upon killing Polonius, compares his amp;#8220;bloody; act to that of amp;#8220;kill[ing] a king, and marry[ing] with his brother,; blatantly expressing his mortification and disapproval with Gertrudeamp;#8217;s marriage to Claudius(3.4.29). He then begins to berate his mother, but with many sexual references: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;amp;#8220;That blurs the grace and blush of modesty, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Calls virtue hypocrite, takes off the rose nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;From the fair forehead of an innocent love nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;And sets a blister there, makes marriage vowsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex1319 Words   |  6 Pages When examining Hamlet through the lens of the Oedipus complex, it is critical to first define and thoroughly explain the Oedipus complex, then to apply it to Hamlets relationships, before a final conclusion is reached. The Complexities of the Complex Before one can understand the Oedipus complex, one must understand Sigmund Freuds theory on infantile sexuality. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy points out that the roots of Freuds theory can be foundRead MoreHamlet and the Oedipus Complex1537 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a play about indecision, apprehension, and inner turmoil. Hamlet, the main protagonist, struggles within himself, attempting to muster the courage to avenge his father’s death by the hand of the current King, Claudius, who is also his late father’s brother. There seem to be many possible reasons for Hamlet’s delay in doing so. However, the one theory that answers all the questions is that Hamlet was possessed by his own Oedipus Complex , that is, he was deeply in loveRead MoreOedipus Complex in Hamlet Essay805 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus Complex in Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet’s personality can be explained by the Oedipus Complex. Throughout the play there are many times where he proves that he has Oedipus Complex. Oedipus Complex was not around at the time that that Hamlet was written. It just shows that Shakespeare saw the same personality complex’ as Freud. Freud first named the Oedipus Complex Theory in his book , An Interpretation of Dreams, in 1899. Freud states The child takes both of its parents,Read More Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet and the Oedipus Complex  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeares play Hamlet contains very similar elements to Sophocles Greek Myth, Oedipus Rex. In the late 1800s through early 1900s, a Doctor based out of Vienna, named Sigmund Freud, developed a theory based on the events of the play Oedipus Rex, which has since been coined the Oedipus Complex.   Ernest Jones also applied his knowledge of Freudian psychology and wrote a persuasive paper suggesting that Hamlet cannot kill his uncle Claudius becauseRead More Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet and the Oedipus Complex Hamlet is the typical kind of son almost every father and mother would want: intelligent, loving, caring, strong and loyal. Yet, some scholars believe that he is just another emotional character, defying our eyes to think that his acts are innocent, when his real purpose is to take his mother for himself. This gives scholars, like Ernest Jones, the impression that Hamlet’s actions were encouraged by an Oedipus complex, characterized by feelings of intenseRead MoreOedipus-Complex In Shakespeares Hamlet1962 Words   |  8 Pagespsychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud, coined the term Oedipus-complex in 1910 when explaining a child’s psychological desire for his opposite-sex parent. Coupled with this desire is a bitter sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex, as the child feels envious and compelled to win the affection of the coveted parent (Freud 19). Shakespeare’s Hamlet, although written prior to the development of this theory, is often referenced as a pr ime example of this complex. Hamlet famously descends into madness in an effortRead MoreOedipus Complex, Penis Envy, And The Tragedy Of Hamlet2112 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough it may be a difficult idea to grasp, Shakespeare employed some of Sigmund Freud’s concepts long before Freud himself was even a figment of his ancestor’s imagination. Many scholars discuss Shakespeare’s use of the Oedipus complex, penis envy, and many of Sigmund Freud’s other famous concepts and while a proxy family may not be a Freudian concept specifically, it certainly enables them. Many of Shakespeare’s works include a main character who has a strained relationship with their parentRead More No Oedipal Complex Found in Hamlet Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pages No Oedipal Complex Found in Hamlet nbsp; Some scholars have interpreted Hamlets actions throughout Hamlet to be the Oedipus complex.nbsp; According to the story of Oedipus, Laius, his father, learned from an oracle that Oedipus would kill him.nbsp; Laius then left his son to die on a mountain, where he was found and raised by the King of Corinth.nbsp; Oedipus was also told that he would someday kill his own father, and fled Corinth because he believed that the King of Corinth was his realRead More Sigmund Freuds Oedipus Complex Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus Complex It is the fate of all of us, perhaps, to direct our first sexual impulse towards our mother and our first hatred and our first murderous wish against our father. - Sigmund Freud(Clark, 122) The Oedipus conflict or complex is a concept developed by Sigmund Freud to explain the origin of certain psychological disorders in childhood. It is defined as a childs unconscious desire for the exclusive love of the parent of the opposite sex. This desire includes jealousy toward the parentRead MoreHamlet As A Jealous Of Claudius1417 Words   |  6 PagesOn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, after the assassination of his father, Hamlet thinks he is living in a world full of corruption and deceit, where everything is falling apart and everyone is against him. An imminent, exaggerated, and passionate love for his mother is his main feature. Although others argue that Hamlet’s obsession to murder Claudius is strictly to claim revenge for his father’s death, it is Hamlet’s obsessive desire to possess his mother in an unhealthy and, perhaps incestuous,

Computers And The Internet s Effect On Society - 1565 Words

Computers and the internet have opened another way for fraud to take place and many organizations are vulnerable to hacking and fraud. There are many forms of fraud techniques people may use against a target and there are government agencies which will provide awareness for those techniques. Cyber terrorism is another threats to society in the damage it can cause organization which could overall affect a society. When a computer crime is committed, there are steps which are taken to preserve evidence which allow it to be used in court cases against people using electronic fraud. When it comes to civil law, there are different processes that must be taken when it comes to resolving cases against computer crime offenders. There are many†¦show more content†¦People get a lot of these types of messages in their email inbox, most of the time if the spam filter is on high, the messages will go into a junk folder and should be ignored. There many types of investment fraud offers wh ich may include lottery scam, have to send in some money in order to get the lottery money supposedly won. Some emails may claim to be a work from home and you have to pay into it to get more information, but it turns out to be a scam and the person loses the money. Another email may claim to be a new business or an opportunity to invest in something to get a large return later. Once the person sends in their money, they never hear back from the investment. There are many forms of investment frauds and people should not trust emails they get when it comes to easy paydays. There are government agencies which provide information on different fraud techniques such as the FBI. The FBI has a page on common fraud schemes including internet fraud, how to avoid fraud from fraud, and how to report it. There is a link on the FBI website for reporting E-Scams and allows people to file a complaint or for the person to go to the local FBI to file a complaint. The Federal Trade Commission is anot her agency that provides information to spot and avoid fraud and can also be contacted. There are manyShow MoreRelatedComputer Technology and the Effects on Society1564 Words   |  7 PagesComputer Technology and the Effects on S Computer Technology and the Effect on Society Computer technology has had a great effect on society as a whole throughout history. It has modified our behavior greatly as we have become accustomed to the technological advancements of yesterday. We are so dependent sometimes we do not even have a concept of what life would be like without computers. When we are forced to live life without computers we are left hopeless and disillusioned and simple everydayRead MoreWhere Wizards Stay Up Late1529 Words   |  7 PagesLate In Where Wizards Stay up Late, the Origins of the Internet, Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon explore the beginnings of the Internet. The authors show us how it was a computer-engineering firm that produced the original prototypes for Arpanet, and how several very intelligent men made the Internet possible. The book is excellent in that it brings to the limelight many important people that played an important role in devising the Internet. In other words, therefore, this book is a history as wellRead MoreWhere Wizards Stay Up Late1492 Words   |  6 PagesLate, the Origins of the Internet. Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon walk us through the beginnings of the Internet. The authors will talk about how a computer-engineering firm produced the first prototypes of the Arpanet, and how a group of men made the Internet as we know it today. It tells the intriguing story of how the technology for the Internet was devised. In many respects, it is very much a behind-the-scenes kind of documentary. When thinking about the Internet, one always appears to assumeRead MoreThe Effects Of Internet On Today s Youth1701 Words   |  7 Pagespart on today and future societies no other influence has been bigger than the Internet. The Internet, a mechanism for information dissemination and a place for interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location, has opened and closed doors to opportunity. Some consider the Internet to be the greatest innovation of our generation, some not so much. The best way to analyze the effects the Internet has had, is to look at the effects it has had on different aspectsRead MoreHow Computers Changed The Way We Work1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe word ‘computer’ is well-defined as someone or something who calculates. A computer is an overall purpose device that has industrialized a lot over the years. From the ENIAC to the flat screen laptop, it is remarkable to see how computers have advanced. We went fro m having a computer that occupied a huge room with what we have in the office and at home today – a miniature, efficient version of the first computer. Computer technology continues to progress and will continue to do so for ages toRead MoreComputer Effects on the Academic Performance of Students - Review of Related Literature1010 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Effects of computer usage to the academic performance of students† Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The scope of Computer effects derives a wide scope of related literature that is worth mentioning. In this regard, this literature review concerning the effects of computer usage to the academic performance of students, will address the following areas relevant to this study: History of the Computer; Importance of Computers, Negative Effects of Gaming; Computer Crime; Computer UseRead MoreUsing Computer in Researching Makes the Students Lazy1171 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Since the invention of computer and other technologies, lives of many people especially the students had the major impact. Computer made it easier for students to study. Internet is one of the major innovations in the computer system, and it is widely used all over the world. An information service like one of the uses of the internet is very dependable nowadays. On of the things it serves are the search engines. Search engines are like building a digital library for the future. ItRead MoreThe Negative Effect of the Internet on Children776 Words   |  3 PagesIt is researched that the internet has both negative and positive effect on children. According to the kaver S, Robert E, Patricia M, Galerie J and Colette B on internet and children, the use of computer is more of disadvantage than advantage. It is of good benefit for children to know how to use the computer for educational purposes, which may include surfing educational articles and school homework. The effect of children not having access to home computer can vary depending on the personalityRead MoreCritically Discuss The Proposition That Ours Is An Information Age 1060 Words   |  5 PagesRevolution. The third is the information revolution that brought  the earth-shaking changes  to our society and give  a  gorgeous brushstroke  to  people s  colorful  life. In mid-15th century, people did not have access to mobile phone and internet, they  can only  write letter  to  transmit  their  miss (Toulet, 1995). With the development of technology and the appearance of internet,  one of  th e  20th  century s greatest  scientific  and  technological  inventions,   we are in  the  information  age and the  knowledge  is  changingRead MoreThe Teen Sleep Loss Epidemic : What Can Be Done? Essay806 Words   |  4 Pageselectronic devices and their effects on a person’s ability to sleep. Johnson, G. M. (2010). Internet Use and Child Development: Validation of the Ecological Tech-no Subsystem. Educational Technology Society, 13(1), 176-185. doi:10.1.1.183.5345 This scholarly article features the relevance of technology when factoring into the cogni-tive development of someone during childhood. With more and more children having ac-cess to devices that connect them to the Internet, adults continue to worry about

Cyber Hub Social Restaurant Customer Loyalty

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Hub Social Restaurant Customer Loyalty. Answer: Introduction This study has aimed to understand the concept of applied business research. In this concept, this study has considered the importance of customer loyalty of a restaurant. This study has tried to highlight the customer loyalty of Cyber Hub Social Restaurant, which is situated at Gurgaon, India. In this connection, the necessity of brand loyalty is required to understand, as customer loyalty of a restaurant is maintained by the quality of the service that is the brand loyalty of the restaurant. In this regard, this section has focused to the problems, which may reflect the sales of the service of the restaurant. The restaurant aimed to be brand loyal from the point of their consumers. Moreover, this specific type of business strategy has some opportunities, which also have discussed in this study. These opportunities will significantly enhance the business. On the other hand, in this study, the scope of the business has been mentioned. According to Bayraktar et al. (2012), customer loyalty can be described as the positive and direct approach for a brand or for a service, which is necessary to maintain a long term relationship with the restaurant. Customer loyalty makes a positive impact on the purchasing behaviour of the buyers. On the other hand, more precisely it can be mentioned that customer loyalty of a restaurant refers the positive and emotional behaviour of the buyers, which is positively depending upon the brand valuation of a good or service. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the restaurant owners require to serve good quality of foods to the loyal customers, so that they will looking for to take the products of the restaurant. In the words Chen (2012), to understand the essence of the study, it is necessary to identify the opportunities and difficulties of customer loyalty strategy. As per the case study, the Cyber Hub Social restaurant has also aimed to maintain the long term relationship with its customers, which would in turn increase the profitability of the business. It is helpful to maintain a good position in the market or in the similar industry. In this context, it can be mentioned that greater quality of branding increases the valuation of the products of the Cyber Hub Social restaurant. In this connection, Coelho Henseler (2012) mentioned that consumers are concerned in case of the purchasing of the foods. On the other hand, it can be stated that if Cyber Hub Social restaurant has provided lower quality foods, then the customers will be reluctant to take the service of the restaurant and will not maintain a long term relationship with the consumers. Nevertheless, Wang Wu (2012) argued that sometimes the consumers are deceived by the service of the restaurant. In this purpose, it can be mentioned that sometimes the restaurant authority charged higher price of the foods in the name of brand valuation. The buyers do not have clear idea regarding the price of the products. In addition, other problem related with this brand valuation can be discussed as the consumers do not want to purchase the foods or products from the competitors of Cyber Hub Social restaurant. They are seemed to be biased in order to take the service from the definite restaurant. In this context, Shanka (2012) mentioned that in this case, the customer loyalty will be hampered. In addition, in case of customer loyalty strategy, there are also having some opportunities and difficulties. In this type of strategy, one business make its services different from its competitors. Consumers will be helpful in order to recognise the brand of the restaurant. However, Evanschitzky et al. (2012) criticised that as the personal information of the consumers are kept by the third party of the organisations, it may be harmful for the service takers. Literature review Figure 1: Approach of Customer loyalty (Source: Prentice, 2013) As per the statement of customer loyalty can be achieved with the help of the following approaches. Moreover, it can be stated that with the reduction of the relationship costs and the maximisation of the relationship revenue can increase the customer loyalty with a business. The steps are discussed briefly in the following: Relationship marketing and the customer loyalty: In the words of Shanka (2012), relationship marketing positively influences the customer loyalty. As per the philosophies of relationship marketing, it is depend upon the communication between the organisation and the consumers. In addition, it can be stated that relationship marketing refers that it increase the formation of the profitability of a business. This in turn enhances the profitable consumers as well as improves the loyalty by planning. Moreover, customer loyalty helps to enhance the valued relationship as well as purchasing of product in the future. Relationship marketing and consumer satisfaction: In the words of Wang Wu (2012), relationship marketing is based upon the planning and the managing of the satisfaction of the consumers along with the development of the stable relationship. Consumer satisfaction level is depending upon the differentiation between the expected delivered and the actual delivered value of the business of the organisation. In this purpose, it can be mentioned that consumers satisfaction level is based upon the expectation of the consumers and the on the actual prediction of the regarding the products and the performance of the service. Therefore, it can be stated that if the prediction and the performance is equivalent then the consumers are highly satisfied whereas the prediction and the actual performance differ, then the satisfaction level of the customers are going down. Relationship marketing and consumer trust: According to Wah Yap, Ramayah Nushazelin Wan Shahidan (2012), customer loyalty and the development of relationship marketing is based upon the trust. Trust can improve the confidence of the business. In addition, the relevancy and the integrity in case of delivery of final goods and services can be increased. Therefore, the concept of trust can be related with the customers honesty, which in turn is depending upon the greater quality of goods and services, which is offered by the business. This will in turn helpful to maintain a long term relationship with the organisation. As a result, Shanka (2012) mentioned that the market share of the business will be significantly increased. Relationship between the consumer satisfaction level, consumer trust and the consumer loyalty: Seto-Pamies (2012) mentioned that consumer satisfaction level is beneficial to determine whether the consumers will switch to the other company or willing to take the service of other organisations. Consumer loyalty and their ability will be able to estimate the actual satisfaction of the consumers. Therefore, it can be stated that consumer service is the major ingredient in order to develop the relationship marketing (Pan, Sheng Xie, 2012). Consumers in the successful relationship are important for the building of consumer loyalty. As a result, it can be concluded that consumer satisfaction level and the customer loyalty are highly correlated. Relationship between the consumer satisfaction and the customer loyalty: As per the statement of Prentice (2013), greater relationship of customers trust is highly favourable to develop the greater valuation of the business. In this connection, it can be stated that based on the brand valuation of an organisation, the level of the customer satisfaction will be improved. This in turn influences to develop the customer loyalty for the services of the company. In the words of Mazodier Merunka (2012), customer loyalty is considered by the marketers or by the organisers. This study has tried to highlight the key determinants, which can effectively reflect the customer loyalty program. Figure 2: Key factors of customer loyalty approach (Source: Pan, Sheng Xie, 2012) As per the concept of core offering, it can be stated that customer loyalty will be developed based on the core valuation of the marketers to their consumers. Core valuation is depending upon some several factors. These factors are the location and the premises, service of a business. Romaniuk Nenycz-Thiel (2013) mentioned that three Ls of retail is the most important concept to build the customer loyalty. These three L are location, location and location. In addition, selling of the products is the key factor of customer loyalty. On the contrary, Severi Ling (2013) criticised that some customers purchase the products depending upon the lower price of the products; they are not looking for the quality or brand of the items. Moreover, the products or the services are helpful to evaluate or identify the customers requirement. As a result, the marketers can aim to the willingness and the consumers will be ready to buy it. This in turn improves the customer loyalty of the particular co nsumer. This will effectively enhance the satisfaction level of the consumers. Therefore, Tanford, Raab Kim (2012) mentioned that there is a direct relationship between the satisfaction level of the buyers and the core offerings. Another important factor is elasticity level, which can positively reflect the customer loyalty. Elasticity level is important in order to identify the necessity of the purchasing behaviour of the consumers. According to Tanford, Raab Kim (2012), the marketplace is an important determinant in order to develop the consumer loyalty. In this respect, it can be mentioned that opportunity to switch and inertia loyalty are the important concepts, which are required to understand. With the help of the concept of opportunity to switch, the marketers can identify whether the consumers will maintain a long term relationship with the organisation or not can be determined. Moreover, Bayraktar et al. (2012) added that in a perfectly competitive market, when all the organisations set equivalent price of the products, then the consumers will choose the products based on the quality of the products. Customer loyalty also depends upon the demographics. In the words of Haghighi et al., (2012), it can be stated that the satisfaction level of a customer is depend upon the customer loyalty for a particular product. With the help of the Kano model, the types of the consumers requirement can be identified. Figure 3: Kano model (Source: Guillen et al., 2012) As per the Kano model, the company require to aim to the packaging of the delivered products. In this purpose, it can be stated that consumers are not satisfied with the bad packaging of the products. In addition, after the packaging of the products, the consumers focus to the price of the products. Lower price of a product is highly acceptable to the consumers. The consumers are willing to get greater quality of products from the business. From the above figure it can be observed that the satisfaction level of the consumers can be divided into four quadrants. The owner of the company is looking for the improvement in the performance, which will in turn increase the customer satisfaction level. Figure 4: Cyclical way to achieve the customer loyalty (Source: Baumann, Elliott Burton, 2012) In order to develop the customer loyalty program, the organisation requires to provide training to the workers. This will make the workers eligible to understand the importance of a business. This will effectively enhance the performance of a business. As a result, the consumers can highly satisfy with the service of the employees. Moreover, it can be mentioned that consumer satisfaction level is positively correlated with the customer loyalty. With the help of the improvement in the customer loyalty program, the overall sales of the company will be increased. The company will earn higher profitability. In this respect, this study has developed two important research questions, which will be helpful in order to take decision regarding the necessity of customer loyalty strategy. The questions are: How customer loyalty is helpful to make a business? How customer satisfaction reflects the customer loyalty approach? Conclusion Based on the literature review, this section is helpful to determine whether customer loyalty is important of making a business successful. After the analysis, it can be observed that brand loyalty, customer satisfaction level and customer loyalty is positively related with each other. With the maintenance of brand or the quality of the foods, the consumers will want to maintain a long term relationship with the restaurant and also want to purchase the foods of the organisation. Therefore, this will enhance the customer loyalty. As a result, it can be concluded that the business will be successful. References Baumann, C., Elliott, G., Burton, S. (2012). Modeling customer satisfaction and loyalty: survey data versus data mining.Journal of services marketing,26(3), 148-157. Bayraktar, E., Tatoglu, E., Turkyilmaz, A., Delen, D., Zaim, S. (2012). Measuring the efficiency of customer satisfaction and loyalty for mobile phone brands with DEA.Expert Systems with Applications,39(1), 99-106. Chen, S. C. (2012). The customer satisfactionloyalty relation in an interactive e-service setting: The mediators.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,19(2), 202-210. Coelho, P. S., Henseler, J. (2012). Creating customer loyalty through service customization.European Journal of Marketing,46(3/4), 331-356. Evanschitzky, H., Ramaseshan, B., Woisetschlger, D. M., Richelsen, V., Blut, M., Backhaus, C. (2012). Consequences of customer loyalty to the loyalty program and to the company.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(5), 625-638. Guillen, M., Nielsen, J. P., Scheike, T. H., Prez-Marn, A. M. (2012). Time-varying effects in the analysis of customer loyalty: A case study in insurance.Expert Systems with Applications,39(3), 3551-3558. Haghighi, M., Dorosti, A., Rahnama, A., Hoseinpour, A. (2012). Evaluation of factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry.African Journal of Business Management,6(14), 5039. Martnez, P., del Bosque, I. R. (2013). CSR and customer loyalty: The roles of trust, customer identification with the company and satisfaction.International Journal of Hospitality Management,35, 89-99. NCR, D., City, D., Cyber Hub, D. (2016).Cyber Hub Social - Delhi NCR.Zomato. Retrieved 24 September 2016, from https://www.zomato.com/CyberHubSocial Pan, Y., Sheng, S., Xie, F. T. (2012). Antecedents of customer loyalty: An empirical synthesis and reexamination.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,19(1), 150-158. Prentice, C. (2013). Service quality perceptions and customer loyalty in casinos.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(1), 49-64. Seto-Pamies, D. (2012). Customer loyalty to service providers: examining the role of service quality, customer satisfaction and trust.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,23(11-12), 1257-1271. Shanka, M. S. (2012). Bank service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty in Ethiopian banking sector.Journal of Business Administration and Management Sciences Research,1(1), 001-009. Tanford, S., Raab, C., Kim, Y. S. (2012). Determinants of customer loyalty and purchasing behavior for full-service and limited-service hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(2), 319-328. Wah Yap, B., Ramayah, T., Nushazelin Wan Shahidan, W. (2012). Satisfaction and trust on customer loyalty: a PLS approach.Business Strategy Series,13(4), 154-167. Wang, C. Y., Wu, L. W. (2012). Customer loyalty and the role of relationship length.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,22(1), 58-74.

46. Antibiotics Essay Example For Students

46. Antibiotics Essay Antibiotics are chemical compounds used to kill or inhibit the growth of infectious organisms. Originally the term antibiotic referred only to organic compounds, produced by bacteria or molds, that are toxic to other microorganisms. The term is now used loosely to include synthetic and semisynthetic organic compounds. Antibiotic refers generally to antibacterials; however, because the term is loosely defined, it is preferable to specify compounds as being antimalarials, antivirals, or antiprotozoals. All antibiotics share the property of selective toxicity: They are more toxic to an invading organism than they are to an animal or human host. Penicillin is the most well-known antibiotic and has been used to fight many infectious diseases, including syphilis, gonorrhea, tetanus, and scarlet fever. Another antibiotic, streptomycin, has been used to combat tuberculosis. Antibiotics can be classified in several ways. The most common method classifies them according to their action against the infecting organism. Some antibiotics attack the cell wall; some disrupt the cell membrane; and the majority inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, the polymers that make up the bacterial cell. Another method classifies antibiotics according to which bacterial strains they affect: staphylococcus, streptococcus, or Escherichia coli, for example. Antibiotics are also classified on the basis of chemical structure, as penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, or sulfonamides, among others. Most antibiotics act by selectively interfering with the synthesis of one of the large-molecule constituents of the cell?the cell wall or proteins or nucleic acids. Some, however, act by disrupting the cell membrane . Some important and clinically useful drugs interfere with the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the most important component of the cell wall. These drugs include the B-lactam antibiotics, which are classified according to chemical structure into penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. All these antibiotics contain a B-lactam ring as a critical part of their chemical structure, and they inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycan, an essential part of the cell wall. They do not interfere with the synthesis of other intracellular components. The continuing buildup of materials inside the cell exerts ever greater pressure on the membrane, which is no longer properly supported by peptidoglycan. The membrane gives way, the cell contents leak out, and the bacterium dies. These antibi otics do not affect human cells because human cells do not have cell walls. Many antibiotics operate by inhibiting the synthesis of various intracellular bacterial molecules, including DNA, RNA, ribosomes, and proteins. The synthetic sulfonamides are among the antibiotics that indirectly interfere with nucleic acid synthesis. Nucleic-acid synthesis can also be stopped by antibiotics that inhibit the enzymes that assemble these polymers?for example, DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase. Examples of such antibiotics are actinomycin, rifamicin, and rifampicin, the last two being particularly valuable in the treatment of tuberculosis. The quinolone antibiotics inhibit synthesis of an enzyme responsible for the coiling and uncoiling of the chromosome, a process necessary for DNA replication and for transcription to messenger RNA. Some antibacterials affect the assembly of messenger RNA, thus causing its genetic message to be garbled. When these faulty messages are translated, the protein products are nonfunctional. There are also other mechanisms: The tetracyclines c ompete with incoming transfer-RNA molecules; the aminoglycosides cause the genetic message to be misread and a defective protein to be produced; chloramphenicol prevents the linking of amino acids to the growing protein; and puromycin causes the protein chain to terminate prematurely, releasing an incomplete protein.

The Scripture Of The Correct Essay Example For Students

The Scripture Of The Correct Essay Greetings acolyte. You shall recognize Our writings as undeniable Truth, for We are The Correct. That is Our Doctrine. While fools squander their time reminiscing about times long past and idols of another day, We carefully and precisely measure the worth of our Gods, and thereby ensure the continuation of Correctness. This document contains the foundation of Our right, and is a guide to attaining redemption in the eyes of Our Masters. Read it well, for without it you shall surely be lost and damned. The Correcttheir dwelling with false hopes of salvation, unaware of the Truth that exists; surrounding them; contained within them; and yet, unbeknowest to them. Only We know, for We are The We are The Correct. That is Our Doctrine. The unsuspecting masses have gathered in Correct. There are others who are partially Correct, however they do not know it. In the past, We have made attempts to guide the Incorrect among us, but it was a fruitless exercise. They either refused or were unable to create a distinction between Truth and Not. Through your training, you have come to learn segments of Truth, but have not been exposed to the grand majesty of The Way. The Correct have been promised infinite authority over what is; and as We have Our Masters, We are Masters of others; this they do not know. We will write a custom essay on The Scripture Of The Correct specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Correct also have the privilege of being protected from the Not, as well as having the capacity to revert Not to Truth; this occurs in its due time. The secular term holy could be used to describe Our state of being, however such a term is too limited and undefined to explain such a state. This shall all be explained to you shortly. Suffice it to say that to be an Incorrect among The Correct is similar to being an ape among humans; inferior in belief and practice, but capable of inflicting damage if the latter is caught off-guard. That shall not ever happen, for We are as vigilant as moss on a stone wall; surveying the landscape, listening for corruption, and creeping forward slowly but steadily. We are unwavering and unstoppable. We are The Correct. Certain animal species are Correct as well, but they have not any power to help Us. They merely work to convince the other creatures of The Earth. We know that this will be futile in the end. Some of these enlightened species include dolphins, snails, and turtles. The IncorrectMost of humanity, as well as most animal species, are totally Incorrect. They do not understand anything, nor do they live as they should. Some might say that it is not their fault; that they are merely ignorant and unenlightened. This is irrelevant. Some of the false beliefs that fall into the category of Incorrectness include religion and philosophy. Such Wrong opinions will be eliminated in Our time of Glory, but that shall not come to pass for many centuries yet. Ingreaem said once that:Those who are foolish enough to renounce reality are doomed to be destroyed by it. As a mortal can be consumed by his own ignorance of hissurroundings, so can a God. Thus, it is imperative to cleanse ourselves of allmistruth.for it will destroy us.in time.11 This is an excerpt from the Rajjag di Siddal, a tome located in Alexandria. It represents an an ancient priests doctrine concerning the tapestry of reality. It is believed to have been written in 1082 B.C.E. These words are sacred to Us, and must be revered as much as any other collection of Truths. For centuries, the Incorrect and the Wrong have tried to thwart Us. Using tools such as lies and propaganda to mislead the foolish, they have attempted repeatedly to turn all of humanity to the ways of The Untruth. Sometimes, they are so devious that they will actually use truth itself to stop us. These miscreants will tell a group of ignorant peasants an actual Truth, and use its power over them for the purposes of manipulation for the ultimate goal of the destruction of Truth. These are demons, and must be stopped. They are the most evil and sinister of The Incorrect; they know of

equiano essays

equiano essays In The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano written by himself, Equiano begins his narrative in the simple, yet enthusiastic voice that carries the reader throughout his life story. He makes his plans entirely clear, he intends his narrative to open the world's eyes to the degradation and inhumanity of slavery. Yet he knows, too, that merely preaching of goodwill towards Africans would not turn any heads. He must show directly the irony that those naming others "barbarians" were the barbaric ones themselves. His intensely personal story, with detailed descriptions of what he saw cruel or ordinary and of how one African dealt with forced encounters with different lands and cultures, was what it would take for Englishmen to relate and thus to understand. We are going to look at who Equianos audience was and how he tried to reach these particular Equaino writes his narrative in a very honest and informal form, as if he is writing to someone that he knows well. The audience however, seems to be the people of the Americas as well as Europe, not just other blacks or slaves. For this reason the book is published in America as well as Europe several times while Equiano is still living. In the narrative, Equiano attempts to tell his story with a very fair and accurate historical tone. By doing this he can gain his readers trust as an unbiased historian, calling for necessary action, rather than an angry slave trying to get back at the slaveholders. For Equiano, staying in England meant working towards his goals through British culture. This is how his Interesting Narrative gained the structure it has. With Equiano's reformative intent for the novel, his confusing combination of culture and upbringing, and the intended audience to hear his reformative cry, his best bet to reach this audience was mostly by means with which they were fami ...

HIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HIS - Assignment Example 4. What group was targeted for employment in American factories? American factories targeted poor recent immigrants to work. Irish, German, and French immigrants worked in American factories in the first half of the 19th century. 5. How did banks stimulate the economy? Banks stimualated the economy by lending money to entrepeneurs who wanted to capitalize on the ever-growing American movement West. They also helped finance speculators buying real estate and investing in industrialization. 6. Why did voter turnout continue to rise in the 1830s?Voter turnout continued to rise in the 1830s because more and more people were given the opportunity to vote. Voting was becoming more democratized, with less restrictions on people to vote (ie. Land owning, Christian, etc.). As America settled westward, more people were involved politically. 7. What had happened to the Republican Party by the election of 1832?By 1832, the Republican party of Jefferson had crumbled, replaced by the Democrats and the common man party of Andrew Jackson and the federalist Whig Party. It would reappear in the 1850s with Abraham Lincoln and an anti-slavery focus, and continue to be the Republican party of modern times. 8. What most defined Jacksons presidency?ANdrew Jackson’s presidency was most defined by the first election of a â€Å"self-made man.† He was not highly educated or an Eastern elite, but a westerner, a sel-made man, and a man of battle, who represented the common man and the West in his ascendancy to the presidency. Some would say his ignoring the US Supreme Court in Worcester v Georgia and moving the American Indians westward on the Trail of Tears to be an infamous legacy as well. to save them? Why?Of course, there were other ways to â€Å"save† the American Indians of the East, but would have come at a cost to American expansion and

E-business( i will upload the topic for the writer) Essay

E-business( i will upload the topic for the writer) - Essay Example The cloth line, sales people have the option of searching for the customer physical premises and deliver the product. In offline selling, the sales person physically identifies the need. For example, the clothe seller may notice that there many new born in the region therefore, decide to major on the present opportunity otherwise one may be wasting time trying to sell school uniforms. On this stage, the seller focuses on the customer needs, evaluates the suitable cloth to fit in well, and then prioritizes the customers (Goldman Sachs Group, 2012:24). It is advisable for the seller to let go off those not likely to buy to save time and other involving resources. The next step is the physical contact with the buyer. The seller uses communication skills to create interest from the first conversation. In this stage, the seller uses humor to make the process interesting and grab customer attention. The seller states the purpose of his visit clearly and time factor is put into consideratio n not to waste customers’ time (Reynar, Phillips, & Heumann, 2010:418). When presenting, the seller focuses on the benefit and qualities of the cloth. Allow the customer to ask many questions and wear a smile on your face. At this stage, he seller may face objections from the customer therefore, one should be able to handle customers’ worries and provide alternatives. ... For Pike to contact a successful online business, it understands the business obligation since its sales force will be performing transactions online. It is very keen not to incur looses from fraud or even viruses. Online business requires Pike to poses clear information and guidelines on order placement, delivery, warranties, refunds, and security. Privacy is also of high importance. The technological change is affecting and influencing the mode of selling and purchasing of goods and services because customers can access products and services in the internet. Even though the customer and the seller are not in the same place, they are able to conduct a business transaction (Marilyn & Judy, 2010:217). Pike has a website where it displays information about the available clothes, size, quality, theme, fabric characteristics, colors, and even price. The online seller has to prospect customers and send them to the website. Pike has to identify with the customer need and therefore, step in to satisfy it. Pike strategizes and outdoes competition since so many products are available online. Once a prospecting customer opens the website, Pike is able to establish a rapport. The rapport may emerge from the speed of downloading items and information, its aesthetics and navigation. Every activity a customer performs on the website is an opportunity to establish rapport. To establish on this, the site is friendly to the customer from the first instance. For example, the customer is able to find all the information required about a dress, the site downloads images first and provide an interactive platform where customers can post questions and recommendations. The site is

MORAL PERMISSIBILITY OF SOME ABORTIONS Research Paper

MORAL PERMISSIBILITY OF SOME ABORTIONS - Research Paper Example My research framework assesses the model on the criteria of possible dissimilarities and their relationship through analysis of literature ‘A Defense of Abortion’ from Thomson. The purpose of this document is to support the pro-life arguments for protecting the life of child rather than pro-choice arguments for moral permissibility of abortion based on Thomson’s analogies. Thomson applies series of analogies to prove pro-abortion arguments considering violinist scenario as base for all the relationship. The core arguments of Thomson include three fundamental premises. The first premise emphasizes the moral permissibility of abortion to protect the life of women. The second premise argues for morality of abortion even if fetus is given the status of fully evolved person. Her third premise finds the activist supporting the pro-life arguments are based on false premises. The derivation of third premise brings the conclusion that nullifies the validity of every argument against abortion. She observes that there are no other cases like pregnancy. This is why she creates the violinist analogy to provide a similar kind of case even though she agrees that any such comparison is bizarre. I will analyze the reflection of Thomson’s point of view at the various stages to develop my arguments. I will also do meta-analysis of analogies applied by Thomson in which she defends the case of abortion through counter-example instead of making positive points by providing supportive examples. The following section digs into the arguments of Thomson to challenge the assumptions in the examples for abortion debate. The philosopher Judith Jarvis Thomson advocates the argument for rights of women in ‘A Defense of Abortion’. I have selected MIT philosopher’s landmark paper for discussion on the morality of abortion. I aim to understand Thomson’s strategy based on the core structure of her arguments to apply the conclusion for broader aspect of moral

Biological Effects Of Radiation

Biological Effects Of Radiation Radiation describes a process in which energetic particles or waves travel through a medium or space. There are two distinct types of radiation; ionizing and non-ionizing. The word radiation is commonly used in reference to ionizing radiation only having sufficient energy to ionize an atom but it may also refer to non-ionizing radiation example like radio waves or visible light. The energy radiates travels outward in straight lines in all directions from its source. This geometry naturally leads to a system of measurement and physical that is equally applicable to all types of radiation. Both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation can be harmful to organisms and can result in changes to the natural environment. Radiation with sufficiently high energy can ionize atoms. Most often, this occurs when an electron is stripped from an electron shell, which leaves the atom with a net positive charge. Because cells are made of atoms, this ionization can result in cancer. An individual cell is made of trillions of atoms. The probability of ionizing radiation causing cancer is dependent upon the dose rate of the radiation and the sensitivity of the organism being irradiated. Alpha particles, Beta particles, Gamma and X-Ray radiation, and Neutrons may all be accelerated to a high enough energy to ionize atoms. Radiation includes alpha particle, beta particle, and gamma particle. Alpha particle: In alpha particle, the spontaneous process of emission of an alpha particle from a radioactive nucleus. Alpha particle is generally termed as alpha decay. An alpha particle is emitted by a heavy nucleus. The nucleus, called parent nucleus has a very large internal energy and is unstable. An alpha particle is a helium nucleus having two protons and two neutrons. When two electrons orbiting around the nucleus of helium atom are knocked out completely, we have doubly ionized helium atom known as alpha particle. Beta particle: a beta-particle is a fast moving electron. The spontaneous process of emission of beta-particle from a radioactive nucleus is called beta decay. Beta decay is of three types: beta-minus, beta-plus, and electron capture. Beta-minus: beta-minus is like an electron. It is surprising that nucleus contains no electron, then a nucleus can emit electron. In the neutron inside the nucleus is converted in to a proton and an electron like particle. This electron like particle is emitted by the nucleus during beta-decay. In beta-minus decay, neutron in the nucleus is converted in to a proton and a beta-minus particle is emitted so that the ratio of neutron to proton decreases and hence the nucleus becomes stable. Beta-plus: In a beta-plus decay, a proton is converted in to a neutron and a positron is emitted if a nucleus has more protons than neutrons. Electron capture: In electron capture, nucleus absorbs one of the inner electrons revolving around it and hence a nuclear proton becomes a neutron and a neutrino is emitted. Electron capture is comparable with a positron emission as the processes lead to the same nuclear transformation. However, in electron capture occurs more frequently than positron emission in heavy elements. This is because the orbits of electrons in heavy elements have same radii and hence orbital electrons are very close to the nucleus. Gamma ray: Gamma rays are the high energy packets of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma radiations have high energy photons. They do not have any charge and their relative rest mass is zero. Gamma-decay it is the spontaneous process of emission of high energy photon from a radioactive nucleus. When a radioactive nucleus emits a beta particle, the daughter nucleus is excited to the higher energy state. This excited nucleus rays are emitted by the daughter nucleus so it is clear that the emission of gamma rays follows the emission of alpha or beta particle.   Non ionizing radiation: Non-ionizing forms of radiation on living tissue have only recently been studied. Instead of producing charged ions when passing through matter, the electromagnetic radiation has sufficient energy to change only the rotational, vibration or electronic valence configurations of molecules and atoms. Nevertheless, different biological effects are observed for different types of non-ionizing radiation Radio waves: Radio waves whose wavelengths range from than 10^4m to 0.1m, are the result of charges accelerating through conducting wires. They are generated by such electronic devices as LC oscillators are used in radio and television communication system. Infrared rays: Infrared radiations have wavelength ranging from approximately 0.3m to 10^ -4m and also generated by the electronic devices. The infrared radiation energy absorbed by a substance as internal energy because the energy agitates the objects atoms, increasing their vibration or translational motion, which results temperature increases. Infrared radiation has practical and scientific application in many areas, including physical therapy, infrared radiation photography, and vibration spectroscopy. Ultraviolet radiation: Ultraviolet radiation cover wavelength ranging from approximately 4X10^4m to 6X10^-10m. The sun is an important source of ultraviolet radiation light, which is the main cause of sunburn. Sunscreen locations are transparent to visible light but greater percentage of UV light absorbed. Ultraviolet rays have also been implicated I the formation of cataracts. Most of the UV light from the sun is absorbed by ozone molecules in the earth upper atmosphere, in a layer called stratosphere. This ozone shield converts lethal high energy ultraviolet radiation to infrared radiation, which in turns warm the stratosphere. X-rays: X-rays have the range from approximately10^-8 to 10^-12m. The most common source of x-rays is stopping of high energy electrons upon the bombarding a metal target. X-rays are used as diagnostics tool in medicine and as the treatment for certain forms of cancer. Because x-rays can damage or destroy living tissue and organism, care must be taken avoid necessary exposure or over-exposure. X-rays are also used in the study of crystal structure because x-rays wavelengths are comparable to the atomic separation distance in solids. Electromagnetic radiation: The wave nature of electromagnetic radiation explains various phenomena like interference, diffraction and polarization. However, wave nature of electromagnetic radiation, could explain phenomena like photoelectric effect, Compton Effect. The cathode rays consist of negative charged particles called electrons which are the constituent of an atom and hence the constituent of matter. According to the concept of radiation example light waves radio waves, X-rays, microwaves etc. are assumed to carry energy in packets or bundles known as photons or quanta.    Biological effect of radiation: In biological effect of radiation, there are many dangerous effects of our health and body. Biological effects of radiation are typically can be divided into two categories. The first category consist of exposure to high doses of radiation over shots period of time producing acute or short term effects. The second category represents exposure to low doses of radiation over an extended period of time producing chronic or long term effects.   High dose (acute): high doses tend to kill cells, while low doses tend to damage or change them. High doses can kill so many cells that tissues and organs are damaged. This is turn may cause a rapid whole body response often called the acute radiation syndrome (ARS).   Low doses (chronic): low doses spread out over long periods of time dont cause an immediate problem to any body organ. The effects of low doses of radiation occur at the level of the cell, and the results may not be observed for many years.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although we tend to associate high doses of radiation with catastrophic events such as nuclear weapons explosions, there have been documented cases of individuals dying from exposures to high doses of radiation resulting from tragic events. High effects of radiation: high effects of radiation are skin burns, hair loss, sterility, cataracts. Effects of skin include (reddening like sunburn), dry (peeling), and moist (blistering). Skin effects are more likely to occur with exposure to low energy gamma, x-ray, or beta radiation. Most of the energy of the radiation deposit in the skin surface. The dose required for erythematic to occur is relatively high, in excess of 300 radiations. Blistering requires a dose in excess of 1,200 radiations. Hair loss, also called epilation, is similar to skin effects and can occur after acute doses of about 500 radiations. Sterility can be temporary or permanent in males, depending upon the doses. To produce permanent sterility, a dose in excess of 400 radiations is required to the reproductive organs. Cataracts (a clouding of the lens of the eye) appear to have a threshold about 200 radiations. Neutrons are especially effective in producing cataracts, because the eye has high water content, which is particularly effective in stopping neutrons. High dose effects: Dose (radiation)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   effect observed 15-25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   blood count changes. 50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   blood count change in individual. 100  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vomiting (threshold). 150  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death (threshold). Categories of effects of exposure to low doses of radiation: There are three general categories of effects resulting from exposure to low doses of radiation. These are: Genetic: the effect is suffered by the offspring of the individual exposed. Somatic: the effect is primarily suffered by the individual exposed. Since cancer is the primary result, it is sometimes called the carcinogenic effect. In-utero: some mistakenly consider this to be a genetic consequence of radiation exposure, because the effect, suffered by a developing is after birth. However, this is actually a special case of the somatic effect, since the embryo is the one to the radiation. Radiation risk: the approximate risks for the three principal effects to level of radiation are: In genetic effect, risk from 1 rem of radiation exposure to the reproductive organs approximately 50 to 1,000 times less than spontaneous risk for various anomalies. In somatic effect, for radiation induced cancer, the risk estimate is developing any type of cancer. However not all cancers are associated with exposure to radiation. The risk from dying from radiation induced cancer is about one half the risk of getting the cancer. In utero: Spontaneous risks of fetal abnormalities are about 5 to 30 times greater than risk of exposure to 1 rem radiation. However, the risk of child hood cancer from exposure in utero is about the same as the risk to adults exposed to radiation exposures. Linear no-threshold risk model: general consensus among experts is that some radiation dose by a linear, no threshold model. This model is accepted by the NRC since it appears to be most conservative. Linear: an increase in dose adults in a proportional increase in risk. No-threshold: any dose, no matter how small, produces some risk. The risk does not start at 0 because there is some risk of cancer, even with no occupational exposure. Exposure to radiation is guarantee of harm. However, because of the linear, no-threshold model, more exposure means more risk, and there is no dose of radiation so small that it will not have some effect. EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON CELLS Ionizing radiation absorbed by human tissue has enough energy to remove electrons from the atoms that make up molecules of the tissue. When the electron that was shared by the two atoms to form a molecular bond is dislodged by ionizing radiation, the bond is broken and thus, the molecule falls apart. This is a basic model for understanding radiation damage. When ionizing radiation interacts with cells, it may or may not strike a critical part of the cell. We consider the chromosomes to be the most critical part of the cell since they contain the genetic information and instructions required for the cell to perform its function and to make copies of it for reproduction purposes. Also, there are very effective repair mechanisms at work constantly which repair cellular damage including chromosome damage. Uses of radiation: Nuclear physics application are extremely widespread in manufacturing, medicine in biology, we present a few of these application and underlying theories supporting them. Tracing: Radioactive tracers are used to track chemicals participating in various reactions. One of the most valuable uses of radioactive tracers in medicine. For example, iodine, a nutrient needed by the human body, is obtained largely through intake of iodized salt and sea food. Radiation therapy: Radiation causes much damage to rapidly dividing cells. Therefore, it is useful in cancer treatment because tumor cells divide extremely rapidly. Several mechanisms can be used to deliver radiation to a tumor. In some cases, a narrow beam of x-ray or radiation from a source such as 60co is used. In other situation, thin radioactive needles called seeds are implanted in the cancerous tissue. The radioactive isotope 131I is used to treat cancer of the thyroid.   Black body radiation: An object at any temperature emits electromagnetic waves in the form of thermal radiation from its surface. The characteristics of this radiation depend on the temperature and properties of the objects surface. Thermal radiation originates from accelerated charged particles in the atoms near the surface of the object; those charged particles emit radiation much as small antennas do. The thermally radiation agitated particles can have a distribution of energies, which accounts for the continuous spectrum of radiation emitted by the object. The basic problem was in understanding the observed distribution of wavelengths in the radiation emitted by a black body. A black body is an ideal system that absorbs all radiation incidents on it. The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the black body is called blackbody radiation. Radiation damage: Radiation damage means that electromagnetic is all around in the form of radio waves, microwaves, light waves so on. The degree and type of damage depend on several factors, including the type and energy of the radiation and properties of the matter. Radiation damage in biological organism is primarily due to ionization effects in cells. A cells normal operation may be disrupted when highly reactive ions are formed as the result of ionizing radiation. Large those of radiation are especially dangerous because damage to a great number of molecules in a cell may cause to die. In biological systems, it is common to separate radiation damage in two categories: somatic damage and genetic damage. Somatic damage is that associated with any body cell except the reproductive cells. Somatic damage can lead to cancer or can seriously alter the characteristics of specific organism. Genetic damage affects only reproductive cells. Damage to the genes in reproductive cells can lead to defective cells. It is important to be the aware of the effect of diagnostics treatments, such as X-rays and other forms of radiation exposure, and to balance the significant benefits of treatment with the damaging effects. Damage caused by the radiation also depends on the radiations penetrating power. Alpha particles cause extensive damage, but penetrate only to shallow depth in a material due to strength interaction with other charged particles. Neutrons do not interact via the electric force and hence penetrate deeper, causing significant damage. Gamma rays are high energy photons that can cause serve damage, but often pass through matter without interactions. For example- a given dose of alpha particle causes about ten times more biological damage produced by radiation than equal dose of x-rays. The RBE (relative biological effectiveness) factor for a given type of radiation is the number of rads of x-radiation or gamma radiation that produces the same biological damage as 1-rad of the radiation is being used. Radiation detectors: Particles passing through matter interact with the matter in several ways. The particles can, for example- ionize atoms, scatter from atoms, or be absorbed by atoms. Radiation detectors exploit these interactions to allow a measurement of the particles energy, momentum, or change and sometimes the very existence of the particle if it is otherwise difficult to detect. Various devices have been developed for detecting radiation. These devices are used for a variety of purposes, including medical diagnoses, radioactive dating measurement, measuring back ground radiation, and measuring the mass, energy, and momentum of particles is created in high-energy nuclear reaction.   EFFECT OF RADIATION ON HUMANS A very small amount of ionizing radiation could trigger cancer in the long term even though it may take decades for the cancer to appear. Ionizing radiation (x-rays, radon gas, radioactive material) can cause leukemia and thyroid cancer. There is no doubt that radiation can cause cancer, but there still is a question of what level of radiation it takes to cause cancer. Rapidly dividing cells are more susceptible to radiation damage. Examples of radiosensitive cells are blood forming cells (bone marrow), intestinal lining, hair follicles and fetuses. Hence, these develop cancer first. If a person is exposed to radiation, especially high dose, there are predictable changes in our body that can be measured. The number of blood cells, the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the blood cells and the amount of radioactive material in urine, are examples of biomarkers that can indicate if one is exposured high dose. If you do not have early biological changes indicated by these measurements the radiation exposure will not pose an immediate threat to you. Radiation poisoning Radiation poisoning, radiation sickness or a creeping dose, is a form of damage to organ tissue caused by excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. The term is generally used to refer to acute problems caused by a large dosage of radiation in a short period, though this also has occurred with long term exposure. The clinical name for radiation sickness is acute radiation syndrome as described by the CDC A chronic radiation syndrome does exist but is very uncommon; this has been observed among workers in early radium source production sites and in the early days of the Soviet nuclear program. A short exposure can result in acute radiation syndrome; chronic radiation syndrome requires a prolonged high level of exposure. Radiation exposure can also increase the probability of developing some other diseases, mainly cancer tumors, and genetic damage. These are referred to as the stochastic effects of radiation, and are not included in the term radiation. Radiation Exposure Radiation is energy that travels in the form of waves or high-speed particles. It occurs naturally in sunlight and sound waves. Man-made radiation is used in X-rays nuclear weapons, nuclear power plants and cancer treatment. If you are exposed to small amounts of radiation over a long time, it raises your risk of cancer. It can also cause mutations in your genes, which you could pass on to any children you have after the exposure. A lot of radiation over a short period, such as from a radiation emergency can cause burns or radiation sickness. Symptoms of radiation sickness include nausea, weakness, hair loss, skin burns and reduced organ function. If the exposure is large enough, it can cause premature aging or even death.

The Soaring Juvenile Crime Rate :: juvenile delinquency crime

The Soaring Juvenile Crime Rate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is comforting to know that, according to recent crime statistics, crime rates are dropping among adults. However, for teens the crime rate is soaring. Between 2000 and 2004, the rate at which adults age 25 and older committed homicides declined 22%; yet the rate jumped 16% for youths between 14 and 17. This age group surpassed the 18 - 24-year-old group in the early 2000's as the most crime-prone. (Between 1966 and 2001, 18 - 24 showed a 62% increase in homicides; 14 - 17 showed a 124% increase in murders.) It is this age group that will be booming in the next decade (currently 39 million under 10).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, the American Civil Liberties Union, in a fact sheet on juvenile crime published in mid May of this year, stated that contrary to public perception, the percentage of violent crimes committed by juveniles is low. According to one estimate, only 13% of violent crimes are committed by young people (Gallup Poll Monthly, Sept. 2004). The ACLU further suggests that the public also holds greatly inflated perceptions about the violence of today's juveniles, claiming only about 0.5% of young people commit violent crimes. ( ³ Crime Time Bomb, ² U.S. News & World Report, March 25, 2006)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Current social trends do little to contradict the dire predictions made about youth crime rates. Nearly all the factors that contribute to youth crime -- single-parent households, child abuse, deteriorating inner-city schools -- are getting worse. At the same time, government is doing less (spending less) to help break the cycle of poverty and crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Predicting a generation ¹s future crime pattern is, of course, risky. Especially when outside factors remain unpredictable (Will drug use be up or down? Will gun laws be tightened?). Also, from year to year, crime rates can fluctuate much like the stock market. What goes up generally comes down, and what goes down generally comes back up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is probably no surprise to hear that crime rates among juveniles vary across race (structural limitations/discrimination, self-fulfilling prophecy, etc.). Minorities, especially Blacks, have a higher arrest rate for violent

Research Proposal †Brief Provisional Title Essay

Brief Provisional Title: To what extent does media reporting, during a two-month period in 2000 contribute to the vigilantes towards paedophiles. The main aims of the dissertation: It can be suggested amongst academic literature that much of the heightened attacks against paedophiles is media generated, generally the media is perceived as instigators of provoking and motivating heightened anxiety and vigilantes amongst the public domain (refer to Kitzinger, 1999b and Soothill, 1991). Ultimately it can be claimed that tabloid newspapers have led the way in the construction of the personification of paedophiles, often portraying them as ‘perverts’, ‘evil’ and ‘beasts’, reinforcing the public’s beliefs that paedophiles are somewhat a different species apart from ‘ordinary’ people. It can be platitude amongst academic commentators â€Å"that the newsprint media do more than merely reflect social reality† (Greer, 2003, P.44 ), the media can be accused of amplifying a moral panic or even cultivating a mob rule mentality through such conceptualisations. The print media potentially play an active role in criminological theory, too exemplify labelling theory. The labelling theory focuses on the premise that crime and criminal behaviour is a social process, that of the relationship between an individual who is defined as deviant and those who have the power to label such individual as deviant. These general propositions attribute the media as an important factor in such process, thus helping to construct the paedophile with a hate figure identity. The process by which labelling occurs has social and psychological implications on those who are labelled, which in my research is paedophiles. Embedded within such theory exists the belief that such individuals who are labelled are likely to incorporate the label within their self-image and such stigmatisation is likely to affect how they are treated by others in the future. Indeed Spencer, 1999 proclaims that â€Å"where paedophiles are hounded out, they will go underground† (Spencer , 1999, P.178). Such a theory will be applied into my dissertation to attempt to explain whether the labelling of paedophiles by the print media contribute to the vigilantes towards paedophiles. However throughout my research process there existed an identifiable relationship between the failures of legislation, in accordance to the protection of children and vigilante attacks towards paedophiles, as â€Å"people seem to have lost confidence in the system and have decided to take the law into their own hands† (David, 1997, P.20). But such a relationship will not be acknowledged within my research, as my aim is to examine the way in which paedophiles are represented and labelled through print media reporting. Examining such relationship between legislation and vigilante attacks would inevitably result in me exploring outside the realm of my research question. The central research question I wish to explore is: â€Å"To what extent does media reporting, during a two-month period contribute to the vigilantes towards paedophiles?† My initial hypothesis is that negative labelling of paedophiles perceived through the print media structure individuals perceptions. There also exists a certain complicity towards the way in which the print media reinforces or contributes people’s actions to act violently towards paedophiles. Reasons for undertaking research: Although I have never worked with sex offenders or with victims who have experienced such abuse, the desire to focus my dissertation on paedophiles originated from the tragic death of Sarah Payne in July 2000 by Roy Whiting, a previous convicted sex offender. What jilted my interest was the profound response of the public and media, which triggered a campaign for the implementation of ‘Sarah’s Law’. Such a campaign resulted in the actions of the Sunday newspaper, the News Of The World publicly naming and shaming convicted paedophiles. To me this is detrimental not only to children but also to paedophiles are they are likely to pose a greater risk to children. A great concern of mine is the way in which paedophiles are stereotypically represented by the media, as it notably feeds the hysteria of public fear and incites such hostility for lynch mob frenzy. Methodology and methods: To investigate the way in which paedophiles are portrayed in the print media and does such portrayal reinforce violent behaviour, I wish to examine both written text and visual images, thus resulting in my methodology consisting of a qualitative approach. My methodology will allow me to explore the ideological themes and stereotypical language embedded within such press report, evaluating whether conceptualisations of the paedophile incite a violent mentality. The source of documentation I wish to analyse in my methodology, will be from national newspapers from the year 2000, such as the News Of The World, The Sun, the Daily Mail and The Guardian, which will consist of a time framework of two months, preferably being the months July and August. I wish to explore these specific months as the newspaper, the News Of The World, in the summer of 2000 undertook such initiative to publicly name and shame convicted paedophiles. Examining newspapers during this period will inevitably provide me with a rich source of information to evaluate and analyse. Due to my study concentrating on a limited time framework and a specific theme it is fair to illustrate that my study will not represent the norm of the print media in relation to the way in which paedophiles are ascribed with such label, my study will only represent a fragment of the print media. However my intentions from my findings is to elucidate the representation of paedophiles within the print media and provide a rigorous analysis concerning the way in which the media militates violent behaviour towards paedophiles. Thus in relation to my research there may exist some difficulties I may encounter these may include, with respect to a paedophile report, me questioning to what extent a report featured in a newspaper is actually valid, which could result in my findings representing a misinterpretation of paedophiles. With respect to resources, I may encounter difficulties in relation to gaining access to newspaper articles from the year 2000. Some articles can be gained from UWCN Library but other articles from newspapers such as the News Of The World and The Sun may result in me researching beyond the UWCN library to libraries such as Cardiff or even paying to order back issues from the internet. Bibliography: David, M. (1997). Child Protection, Moral Outrage or Mob Rule? Community Care. 7 August, PP. 20-21. Greer, C. (2003). Sex Crime And The media, Cornwall: Willan Publishing. Kitzinger, J. (2002). The Ultimate Neighbour Form Hell? Stranger Danger And The Media Framing Paedophiles. In: Jewkes, Y and Letherby, G. Criminology: A reader, London: Sage Publications. McDonald, l. (2001). Sex Offender, The Home Office And the Sunday Papers, Journal of Social Welfare and family Law 23 (1), PP. 103-108. Reiner, R (2002). Media Made Criminality. In: Maguire, M and et-al. The Oxford Handbook Of Criminology, Oxford university press. Thomas, T. (2002). Sex Crime, Sex Offending And Society, Cornwall, Willan publishing. Tierney, J. (1996). Criminology, Theory And Context, England: Longman. White, R and Haines, F. (1996). Crime and Criminology, An Introduction, Oxford University Press.

Benihana Company Essay Essays

Benihana Company Essay Essays Benihana Company Essay Essay Benihana Company Essay Essay Helping our invitees feel welcome is every bit of import as our cookery. And it is merely every bit great a accomplishment. Ever endeavoring for excellence in cordial reception. it is genuinely our restaurant household who has built Benihana’s success. Company History: Benihana. Inc. owns and licenses eating houses in the Benihana and Benihana Grill concatenation of Nipponese dinnerhouses. The eating houses specialise in an exhibition-style of Nipponese cookery called teppanyaki. Customers sit around a communal tabular array at which a Benihana chef pieces their seafood. steak. poulet. and veggies with lightning velocity. grills their repast right in forepart of them. and so tosses it accurately onto their home bases. The eating houses are decorated with Samurai armour and valuable art. and Shoji rice paper screens partition the dining countries. For the financial twelvemonth stoping March 31. 1996. the company had gross revenues of over $ 81 million. an all-time high. By December 1996. Benihana operated a sum of 49 accredited and entirely owned eating houses in 20 provinces every bit good as in Bogota. Columbia. and Aruba. Netherlands Antilles. Early History. from Tokyo to New York The laminitis of Benihana. Inc. was a 25-year-old Olympic grappler from Japan named Hiroaki Rocky Aoki. He got his start in the eating house concern by working after school in his family’s java store in downtown Tokyo. His female parent named the household concern Benihana after a ruddy flower that survived the bombardment of Tokyo during World War II. Rocky was a combatant. supporting himself in the streets and schoolyards against bigger male child. He got hooked on wrestling. became a national university title-holder. and earned a topographic point on the 1960 Olympic squad. Although he didn’t compete because he was over his weight bound. he did fall in love with New York when the plane stopped at that place on the manner to the Games in Rome. That autumn he left Japan for the United States. In 1964. Aoki graduated from New York Community College’s School of Hotel and Restaurant Management. During the summer he earned money driving the lone ice pick truck in Harlem. The occupation was non easy. as he explained in an article in Management Review. â€Å"Every clip I robbed. I get up before the following twenty-four hours and work subsequently to do up. Every clip I lose money. I get more challenge. † With that doctrine. he managed to salvage $ 10. 000 during the summer. which. along with a loan. was plenty to get down his first eating house. Benihana of Tokyo. Aoki’s construct for his new eating house. derived from forte eating houses he knew of in Japan. was portion amusement and portion nutrient service. He wanted to offer Americans nutrient they were familiar with. such as poulet. steak. and runt. prepared in a fresh scene. He chose the teppanyaki table–a chromium steel steel grill surrounded by a wooden feeding surface–where clients could watch a knife-wielding. joke-telling chef prepare and serve their nutrient. His parents and brothers came from Japan to assist him acquire started. Unfortunately. New Yorkers equated Nipponese nutrient with natural fish and weren’t comfy sitting at a tabular array with aliens. They ignored the midtown Manhattan restaurant until the eating house critic of the New York Herald Tribune gave it a glowing reappraisal. Suddenly. everyone in New York. including the Beatles and Muhammad Ali. wanted to sit around one of Benihana of Tokyo’s four teppanyaki tabular arraies. Within six months after the reappraisal the eating house had paid for itself. and Aoki rapidly opened another eating house in a larger. fancier edifice. The new location provided the same teppanyaki-style cookery but was decorated with valuable art. Samurai armour. heavy wooden ceiling beams brought from Japan by Aoki’s male parent. and skiding Shoji screens to supply some privateness. 1965-80: Constructing a Company The Benihana construct combined sensible monetary values with good nutrient. and. by fixing what was eaten right at the tabular array. held waste to a lower limit. Net incomes were good. and. in 1968. Aoki opened his first Benihana of Tokyo outside New York City–in downtown Chicago. That location made $ 700. 000 in its first twelvemonth and continued to be one of the company’s top gaining mercantile establishments. Between 1969 and 1972. the company opened six more of its ain eating houses and licensed franchisees to open another 10. In a joint venture with the Las Vegas Hilton. the company developed Benihana Village. a 38. 000-square-foot composite of eating houses. bars. and other amusement locales. In 1972. the company grossed $ 12 million and the Harvard Business School selected Benihana of Tokyo as a instance survey of an entrepreneurial success narrative. With concern traveling so good. Rocky Aoki could give clip to his other involvements which included racing balloons and motorboats. roll uping points runing from vintage autos to slot machines and larning backgammon. â€Å"Rocky wanted to play. † Joel Schwartz. the company’s president. explained in a 1989 Forbes article. To assist supervise the chain’s operations and enlargement. Aoki brought in a direction company. Hardwicke Cos. . as a spouse in 1976. The relationship lasted merely four old ages and. in 1980. Aoki ended the partnership. paying $ 3. 7 million to interrupt the contract. As Rod Willis of Management Review explained in a 1986 article. â€Å"He [ Aoki ] felt the company’s direction manner clashed with his predominately Oriental work force. and he wanted to keep control over each restaurant’s quality. † The undermentioned twelvemonth Aoki settled. without acknowledging any guilt. a Securities and Exchange Commission charge that h e had improperly traded in Hardwicke stock piece functioning as vice-president of Hardwicke. The 1980s: Ups and Downs To assist pay off the debt incurred in the split with Hardwicke. Aoki decided to take portion of the company populace. He accomplished this by holding Benihana of Tokyo ( BOT ) signifier Benihana National Corporation ( BNC ) in 1982 and so taking the latter company public the undermentioned twelvemonth. Investors paid the Miami-based BNC $ 11 for a unit dwelling of two common portions and a warrant to purchase another at $ 6. With the $ 5. 5 million raised by selling half a million of these units. BNC bought 11 eating houses from Aoki in exchange for 60 per centum of the BNC common stock and $ 2. 5 million to pay BOT’s debt. Later in the twelvemonth. BNC bought another three eating houses from BOT for $ 7 million. In malice of the new corporate construction. Benihana of Tokyo and Benihana National Corporation remained under the direction of the same group of executives. As corporate president. Joel Schwartz continued to supervise the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours operation of both companies. Aoki. who served as president of both entities. retained 51 per centum of the common stock in BNC and kept approximately 30 eating houses in the in private held BOT. Aoki developed new constructs for the Benihana nutrient concatenation but he besides continued to play hard. going a championship-level backgammon participant and puting a universe record in off-shore motorboat racing. The Double Eagle V. a 400. 000 cubic-foot gas balloon. displayed the Benihana logo as it became the first crewed balloon to successfully traverse the Pacific Ocean. with Aoki as one of the crew members. One of Aoki’s new constructs was Benihana National Classics. a line of Chinese epicures frozen nutrients. introduced in 1984 and sold in supermarkets. Chinese culinary art was chosen when the company found that Nipponese nutrient didn’t freezing good. Within a twelvemonth the Classics were the best-selling Oriental frozen nutrients in the United States. with gross revenues in one one-fourth entirely making more than $ 40 million and net incomes mounting to over $ 4 million. The company’s stock took off. traveling every bit high as $ 21. 50 in 1985. In December of that twelvemonth. Restaurant and Institution magazine named Benihana of Tokyo the most popular family-style eating house in America. At that clip. Benihana of Tokyo and Benihana National together operated or franchised eating houses in 60 locations. from Seattle to New Jersey. functioning a sum of 25. 000 clients a twenty-four hours. Benihana National’s frozen nutrient success rapidly attracted the attending of major nutrient companies. When Campbell Soup and Stouffer’s began offering their ain lines of Oriental frozen nutrients. nevertheless. Benihana couldn’t compete. The company lost $ 11 million on frozen nutrients between 1985 and 1987 and eventually sold the concern. for $ 4. 5 million. to the little company that had been bring forthing the dinners for them. Frozen nutrient. nevertheless. was non Aoki’s merely new thought. In 1985. Benihana National opened its first seafood eating house. The Big Splash. merely North of Miami. Aoki believed the sea would be the primary provider of nutrient in the hereafter. and. borrowing an thought from a Malayan fish market. came up with the construct of a seafood marketplace/restaurant. Customers could take from 100s of assortments of fresh seafood. make up ones mind how they wanted it cooked. and watch it being prepared. The thought was so popular ab initio that a 2nd Big Splash was opened. The seafood eating houses shortly experienced trouble. nevertheless. registering losingss of $ 2. 7 million during 1987. The broad assortment of options ran wholly counter to the tight focal point and minimum waste of the Benihana chophouses. At the Miami location. the bulk of clients were retired persons who resented the high monetary values and preferred to eat fish they were familiar with. â€Å"All we sold was pink-orange and ruddy center. † Aoki told Eric Schmukler in a March 1989 Forbes article. The company closed its Large Splash mercantile establishments in March 1988. The 1988 financial twelvemonth was a difficult 1 for Benihana. as the company recorded a loss of about $ 7 million. Despite the company’s fiscal jobs with Classicss and Big Splash. the Benihana eating houses themselves were still popular. By the terminal of financial 1989. the publically owned Benihana National Corp. reported net incomes of some $ 1. 8 million on gross revenues of $ 34 million at its 20 eating houses. with Aoki’s privately-held Benihana of Tokyo taking in similar grosss. 1990-94: Making a Turnaround Rocky Aoki kicked off the new decennary by opening a gallery in one of the Miami Benihana eating houses to expose a part of what was going known in the art universe as the Rocky Aoki Collection. Having spent more than a twelvemonth consolidating his diverse aggregations. Aoki told Antiques A ; Collecting. â€Å"I think it’s a natural to hold a gallery here. More than 90. 000 people eat in this eating house every twelvemonth ; why non supply them with something beautiful to look at. non to advert purchase. if they so desire. † In a 300-square-foot infinite that had been the restaurant’s gift store. diners could see etchings by Icarts. lamps by Tiffany and Handel. and bronzes by Remington. The promotion about Aoki’s aggregation helped generate concern for the eating house. and overall company grosss continued to turn. Net incomes. nevertheless. were less than a million dollars a twelvemonth. and BNC stock fell below $ 1 a portion. Angry at the state of affairs. some stockholders sued. As Marilyn Alva reported in a 1992 Restaurant Business article. the stockholders claimed Aoki and his direction squad were in a struggle of involvement by pull offing the two companies. The plaintiffs further maintained that Benihana direction had misappropriated the assets of Benihana National Corporation. go throughing them through Benihana of Tokyo for their personal benefit. The stockholders. nevertheless. were finally unsuccessful in seeking to take control of the company off from Aoki. Meanwhile. Benihana direction took advantage of a health-conscious American public’s turning involvement in Nipponese nutrient and amusement. With the ticket line. â€Å"We have been the eating house of the ’90s since the ’60s. † Aoki and Schwartz instituted a major advertisement run emphasizing the fact that Benihana had ever offered healthful nutrient. Soon afterwards. in 1993. the Atlanta Benihana of Tokyo eating house added an 18-seat sushi saloon and 35-seat Karaoke dining room to pull more clients on weekday darks. Despite the higher labour and nutrient costs associated with sushi. the company reported an addition in beverage gross revenues. and a batch of sampling of the $ . 99 sushi pieces by people waiting to eat at the traditional teppanyaki tabular arraies. Learning from its experience a decennary earlier. in 1994 Benihana National Corp. decided to acquire into the frozen nutrient concern once more. This clip. nevertheless. by come ining into a licensing understanding with Campbell Soup Co. . the company hooked up with a major seller instead than seeking to vie with the large names. The new merchandise was a line of frozen stir-fry kits having the Benihana hallmark. The dinners served six people and sold for approximately $ 8. 00. As Peter McMullin. an analyst with Southeast Research Partners. told Florida Review. Internet. â€Å"This clip the scheme makes sense because it is associating with a high profile nutrient company to assist beef up the distribution side and countervailing the razor-thin borders of retail by fabricating with a low cost manufacturer like Campbell. † By the terminal of the financial twelvemonth. grosss were over $ 70 million. with net incomes up 41 per centum to $ 2. 4 million. 1995 and Beyond: A New Company At the beginning of 1995. Benihana National announced it would purchase Aoki’s 21 Benihana of Tokyo eating houses on the U. S. mainland. along with the U. S. rights to the Benihana hallmark. for about $ 6. 15 million. On May 16. a freshly created subordinate. Benihana Inc. . acquired the BOT eating houses and. through a amalgamation. at the same time acquired Benihana National. BNC stockholders received one portion in the new keeping company for each of their portions of Benihana National. Aoki continued to function as president of the new company and Schwartz as president. Benihana Inc. now owned or licensed the 43 Benihana eating houses in the Continental United States along with a franchise in Honolulu. It besides had the rights to develop or licence Benihana eating houses in Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands. Aoki kept private his Benihana of Tokyo eating houses in Hawaii. Britain. and Thailand. During 1995. the new company took several stairss to pull more clients. Benihana introduced weekend tiffin service and. following the success in Atlanta. opened sushi bars in seven locations. The company besides instituted a national Karaoke competition for its frequenters. In the autumn. the company opened its first smaller format unit. called the Benihana Grill. in Sacramento. At 3. 800 square pess. the Grill format was less than half the size of the traditional Benihana. and enabled the company to open units in smaller locations. peculiarly in urban countries. Schwartz had been polishing this format since 1989 as an option to the company’s more common free-standing. particular usage eating house edifices. The Benihana Grill was designed to suit 10 to 12 teppanyaki tabular arraies. compared to the 18 tabular arraies in the typical Benihana. Analyst Peter McMullin remarked. â€Å"Initial indicants are promoting even before the expansive gap. With the lower capital costs of a bout $ 500. 000 versus a stand-alone eating house cost of $ 2 million. this could go an tremendous growing vehicle for Benihana. † The new hours and offerings helped increase guest counts in bing eating houses by 8. 7 per centum and same shop gross revenues by an norm of 7. 7 per centum for financial 1996. This rise. plus the add-on of the Benihana of Tokyo eating houses and the new Benihana Grill. resulted in one-year grosss of over $ 81 million. Benihana’s growing came chiefly from increased traffic in its bing eating houses. and the company continued to back up that scheme. Early in 1996. in an attempt to derive a larger portion of the cultural market. the company launched Spanish-language telecasting advertizements in Miami and Los Angeles. In May. Benihana kicked off a biennial. $ 5 million ad run. concentrating on the amusement value of teppanyaki cookery. â€Å"We want to convey the Benihana name to a different audience. † company president Joel Schwartz told Nation’s Restaurant News in a May 6. 1996 article. â€Å"The ads show that Benihana is a topographic point the full household can come to and hold a good time–a topographic point they will see the chef perform and somersault runt. † Individual eating houses besides developed advanced selling techniques. A visit and repast at the Benihana in Bethesda. Maryland. for illustration. is one of the activities in the county’s socie tal surveies curriculum for 3rd graders larning about Japan. The company did non depend wholly on its bing eating houses for growing. During 1996. it besides signed rentals for several more Benihana Grills and expanded its franchise operations. including eating houses in Bogota. Columbia. and Aruba. Netherlands Antilles. Benihana’s path record of steady growing in same shop gross revenues. lifting client count. and profitableness appeared to be go oning into the late ninetiess as grosss for the first half of financial 1997 were up over eight per centum from the twelvemonth earlier. Further Reading: Alva. Marilyn. â€Å"Very Rocky Business: Aoki Besieged by Shareholder Suits. † Restaurant Business. February 10. 1992. â€Å"Benihana Buying Founder Aoki’s Units. † Nation’s Restaurant News. January 16. 1995. p. 14. â€Å"Benihana Net incomes Rise 67 % for First Nine Months of Fiscal ’95. † Nation’s Restaurant News. February 12. 1996. p. 12. â€Å"Benihana Testing Stir-Fry Kits. † Supermarket News. October 17. 1994. p. 28.

Problems with an English-medium Education

Problems with an English-medium Education Free Online Research Papers To what extent is English-medium education the solution or the problem in settings where English is not the dominant language of the pupils’ homes or local communities? Unfortunately, this is not a question I am going to be able to give one clear, definitive answer to as I believe that English-medium education can be both a problem, and a solution in situations where English is not the dominant language. On the one hand we have cases such as the one that can be seen in the state of Karnataka in India, where English-medium education has been replaced by one of the local languages, Kannada, a sensible decision many would say, but not when you consider that most of the urban areas in the State are multilingual, with people whose mother-tongues are Kannada, Tamil, Marathi, Malayalam, Punjabi, Gujarati, Sindhi, Bengali, and many more (Resource and Reference Materials, p.81), so here, it could be argued, that one combining language, such as English, should be used that would be of benefit to all as a lingua franca. Then on the other hand you have Kathleen Heugh’s argument that without a full understanding of their mother-tongue children will strugg le to fully understand what they are being taught, and that English-medium education should not begin until the children have received at least 6-8 years of mother-tongue education to avoid any such problems of comprehension (Learning English, pp.181-88) In relation to Heugh’s argument I believe low levels of competence could exist where bilingual education is introduced too early, as children are often reluctant to question meanings of words for fear of revealing their ignorance in a subject, and in so doing facing ridicule from other students. Children can also struggle when having to concentrate on not only the message in say, a geography lesson, but also the medium when that lesson is taught in a second language such as English. Subjects such as geography, mathematics, and history should therefore logically be taught in the classes mother-tongue to allow the content to be more readily accessible, and to prevent the slowing down of the progress of the whole class, at least until the children are capable of comprehending the language they are being taught in. Heugh conducted a study of English and colonial language education in South Africa, a country that had adopted English through linguistic imperialism towards the end of the nineteenth century. Heugh found that up until 1975, African children had received eight years of mother-tongue education, followed by a switch in secondary school to joint Afrikaans and English-medium education. The school leaving pass rate had improved from 43.5 per cent in 1955 to 83.7 per cent in 1976, figures that justify my belief that a monolingual education system throughout the child’s formative years of schooling is the correct course to take; however, this was to change dramatically with the introduction of only four years of mother-tongue education after the student led rebellions in Soweto of 1976. Within a few years it had become noticeable that academic performances had dropped dramatically, and that teachers responsible for students in grades 5-8 were not sufficiently competent enough in Engl ish to deal with the switch. English-medium education was proving a problem here for both students and teachers alike with its earlier introduction into the curriculum. John Rogers, a senior lecturer at the English Language Institute in Victoria, New Zealand, backs up these findings in his article ‘The world for sick proper’ (1990), as he claims ‘.that if the aim really is access to educational opportunity, progress is more likely to be achieved by education in local languages. [and that] despite the enormous resources it diverts from other educational development possibilities, it actually achieves very little’ [Learning English, pp.212-13]. We only need look at another example of an early stage introduction of the English-medium in to the curriculum in Malawi to see its failings. Here, through lack of resources and funding, classes can often reach sizes of over a hundred children, and choral chanting then becomes the method of education where children will merely repeat en masse after their teacher, and, although giving students the ability to practice their pronunciation, it allows for no form of correction for the individuals whose errors will go undetected. The students in these situations are being positioned as passive recipients of the language and not given the chance to engage with each other, therefore severely limiting their ability to converse fluently through the medium of English. Again then, one must question how much of the message of the lesson they are taking in as they concentrate more on the medium of English than the actual subject matter. We do not have to look as far as India though to see where an English-medium only education system may soon be a major socio-political issue, and that is within the UK. Without considering the increasing linguistic diversity of the UK’s population, partly through immigration, we may soon find ourselves in a situation very similar to the one in South Africa, where many children are failing to grasp the basics due to a fundamental lack of understanding in the language they are being taught in. Figures show that some 10 per cent of school students have English as a second language, whilst the figures in London are even higher, standing at nearer 30 per cent (Monaghan, 2007, p176). So where, if anywhere, can an English-medium education system be of an advantage to students?.. Bangalore, capitol city of the State of Karnataka in India, as I’ve already mentioned in my opening statement, is a state divided by many languages, but with one common denominator amongst them all, English. Activists in Karnataka, throughout the late 1970’s and early 1980’s argued as to which should be the language of education and state, with the outcome being that it should be Kannada, a language spoken by around only a third of the State, but this unfortunately was not the wishes of many of the people, merely activists in positions of power. English has become an international language, a language of business and education, and the people of the regions appreciate that fact, realising for their children to have any chance of obtaining positions of power in business and industry they must be able to speak English. One such child, a young girl named Ranika, attends Bishop Cotton School, where from the age of 5 the medium throughout the school is English only, and it is her father who believes that â€Å"If you really want to become a world citizen. they have to learn the English language.. whether it’s in science, arts, or in business.† [An English Education, DVD2, 00:01:20]. Children in the state of Karnataka have learned to converse in several languages, and seem to have done so with relative ease as we see with the example of Thara, a young girl who attends Government Girls High School, who, by her own admission, can quite happily talk to neighbours and friends in Hindi, English, Guajarati or Tamil [An English Education, DVD2]. Thara sees it as a good thing to be able to speak to others through the medium of English when they are not able to understand her mother tongue of Kannada. Activists such as M. Chidananda Murthy argue however, that to learn through the medium of English would be to lose ones culture and heritage [ibid], but even here parents disagree strongly with this argument as it’s claimed that if they have their own influences on their children and the ways in which they are raised, then there should be no fear of westernisation, and that both the English language and their Indian heritage can coexist comfortably side by side. Again we only need to look within our own shores to see where this particular issue could be raised though, with many fearing a loss of local customs and heritage through the teaching of a standardised form of English which does not reflect local dialects and accents. Annamalai (1986) claimed that ‘ English helps maintain divisions and hierarchies within a country’ [Learning English, p.212], but if anything, within the UK I believe it has the opposite effect, breaking down the prejudices of economic backgr ounds, ethnicity, or nationality, as here we are all taught a standardised English, so can all converse without fear of a lack of understanding or ridicule, regardless of our place of birth or heritage. Britain has become a multi-cultural society, and for us to all co-exist comfortably together then the most obvious solution seems to be for us to all be able to converse fluently in the same language, and this is only possible if we are all taught through the medium of English. English-medium education can therefore not be seen with one blanket ideal, and every situation must be investigated and considered on its own merits before deciding whether the medium is indeed the solution or the problem for students whose dominant language is not English. Graddol argues that although the charge of cultural imperialism has still not gone away, English must be seen as a global language used for a range of purposes by non-English speaking countries (Graddol, 2006, p101), but at the same time we must not let it become an executioner bringing death to any languages it comes into contact with. This unfortunately, is why I have struggled to come to one conclusion as to whether English-medium education is the solution or the problem, as I can see the benefits of one all encompassing international language, but would hate to think that to have it would mean the death of so many colourful and interesting other languages, and the disadvantages that would come with not being a ble to speak it. Bibliography Mercer, N., Swann, J., Mayor, B. (eds) (2007), Learning English, Abingdon, Routledge The Open University (2009), Resource and Reference Materials U211(2007) DVD ROM 2, Exploring the English Language, OU, DVD00222 Research Papers on Problems with an English-medium EducationStandardized TestingComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoQuebec and CanadaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part One